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To identify mongoose by serial number ok but there is only one drill hole in brake bridge, frame looks chrome but could be a shiny nickel is definitely not dull nickel. Does that mean just prior to 81 when I think they changed supergooses to include the three holes? Brake bridge is that correct just wanted to be sure. Sep 28, 2008 Any mongoose with 'M' was made in the Merida factory in Taiwan Pro Class will have a serial # starting with a letter between 'A' and 'L' It will also have the serial number stamped on the brace behind the bottom bracket and NOT on the bottom bracket itself.
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Comments
commented Jun 17, 2015
Configuration: Mongoose 4.0.5, MongoDb 3.0.4, Node 0.12.4 Issue does not appear on Mongoose 3.8.30 My database has the following data: I query it with Mongoose using the following syntax: which returns null for both error and user. Strangely enough Mongoose's debugging shows the following, correct query: which queried directly on MongoDB finds the expected data: I tried various alternatives such as directly initializing an ObjectId object or taking an ObjectId from a find() result which leads to no results either. As stated above reverting back to Mongoose 3.8 resolves the issue. |
commented Jun 17, 2015
Hmm can you show me your schema? Also, do you have mongodb or bson installed as peer dependencies? |
added this to the 4.0.7 milestone Jun 17, 2015
commented Jun 17, 2015
My schema: Neither MongoDb nor bson are co-dependencies but I do have connect-mongostore which includes mongodb as one of their sub-depedencies. |
commented Jun 17, 2015
I am also having this issue in version 4.0.2+. Latest version where this problem does not appear is 4.0.1. |
commented Jun 18, 2015
@nafisto please provide repro instructions for your particular case |
commented Jun 18, 2015
@vkarpov15 Here you go... (Fails on MongoDB v2.6.4, NodeJS v0.10.31 with Mongoose versions 4.0.2, 4.0.3, 4.0.4, 4.0.5) |
commented Jun 18, 2015
Where do you get the ObjectId function from in that example? |
commented Jun 18, 2015
Aw sorry, copy-paste error from a test I ran at the command line. Should be this: |
commented Jun 22, 2015
I started experiencing this issue today, exactly as described by @florianheinemann, both on versions 4.0.5 and on 4.0.2 when tried to roll back. @vkarpov15, to your question I used mongoose constructor to get the Id: I also noticed that when pulling the document by other functions that work (and not by using findById or and other find with _id on the query, the _doc object didn't have any _id property. @nafisto - thanks for sharing the insight about 4.0.1. Rolled back to 4.0.1 and now it's working again. |
commented Jul 10, 2015
@nafisto the below script works fine for me on 4.0.5: Can you verify the above script works for you? Also, can you provide me the output of npm list | grep 'mongo' so I can see what your setup for mongodb packages is like? |
commented Jul 10, 2015
@florianheinemann the below script works for me: Can you verify the above script works for you? Also, can you provide me the output of npm list | grep 'mongo' so I can see what your setup for mongodb packages is like? Also, how are you connecting to mongodb, e.g. what does your call to mongoose.createConnection() look like? |
added the can't reproduce label Jul 10, 2015
modified the milestones: 4.0.8, 4.0.7Jul 10, 2015
commented Jul 10, 2015
Yes, that works for me: I'll have to come back to you on the other ones as I'm right now busy with other stuff... |
Closed
commented Jul 10, 2015
Thanks, that would be great. Sorry for the delay in getting back to you, I was on vacation. Any help would be much appreciated - multiple people have run into this issue but I haven't been able to spot how its happening. |
commented Jul 13, 2015
Hey, So, I reverted back to Mongoose 4.0.5 and have the same issues again (but it works with the exact same code on 4.0.7). Here the requested info: My connection: |
commented Jul 13, 2015
Hmm nothing looks out of the ordinary. Where are you getting the id from? Are you passing it as a literal string or are you getting it from one of the *-mongostore modules? |
commented Jul 14, 2015
Ok, I've now cut almost everything out of my script to be similar to yours. What I notice is that my script results in the following: while yours results in: I even require the exact same model. It is as if Mongoose would now from which file it is called. I'm at a complete loss here. The only other difference (except the file it's called from) is that my script is called from within an Express middleware. And also: It works with Mongoose 4.0.7 |
commented Jul 14, 2015
That's really strange. The only way I can imagine that happening is that you're creating a new ObjectId using one of the mongostore modules and trying to save it into mongoose. Can you show me what your express middleware looks like? |
modified the milestones: , 4.0.8Jul 20, 2015
commented Aug 3, 2015
This issue is stale and haven't been able to repro. Looks like it might have been already fixed. Re-open if this is still an issue. |
closed this Aug 3, 2015
removed this from the 4.1.1 milestone Aug 3, 2015
commented Dec 10, 2015
I experienced this error yesterday, in my case error was caused by data imported to mongo. After I used mongoimport key _id was stored as string instead of ObjectId. When I was quering data in mongo everything works well, but in Mongoose when I was trying find something by _id it always returned null or empty Array. I hope that info might by useful for someone. |
commented Jan 4, 2016
I was having very same issue as @florianheinemann and @nafisto . The strange thing was that I could use find and findById on other models without any problem. Finally I managed to found out that mongoose uses my collection User as users . It is lowercasing and adding s to the end (They say that this behaviour is smart). Anyway I had to force collection name to model and schema as shown below in bold. That fixed the issue for me.var userSchema = mongoose.Schema({ email: { type: String }, passwordEnc: { value : String, version: String, salt : String }, nameFirst : String, nameLast : String, phone : String, dob : String },{collection: 'User'}); var User = mongoose.model('User', userSchema, 'User'); |
commented May 20, 2016
I am having this issue in May 2016 some of the data was created outside of Mongoose. |
commented May 21, 2016
code sample please |
commented Jun 4, 2016
@dcsan I had the same issue trying to convert a sailsjs app to mongoose. This was because sails creates a singular collection name where Mongoose creates a plural collection name. So might be worth checking that. If it is the case you can then set the collection name on your schema. |
commented Jun 4, 2016
for me the issue was related to a data migration, and the original data was using strings that looked like ObjectIDs. |
commented Jun 17, 2016 • edited
edited
I've got same issue, i resolved changing the name of collection. Thank you @skecskes |
commented Jul 11, 2016 • edited
edited
Hi, I am having similar issue. I am trying to find record in mongo and I am using nodejs and trying findById and it returns null to me while direct query on mongo returns me record. Strange thing for me is it is happening for few records only. i can not differentiate between the records. I tried adding collection in model and also changing by collection name but none worked. below is code snippet: if (req.params.timeId) { Time.findById(req.params.timeId).exec(function (err, time) { console.log('Time I see :', time); }); The above code is working for some timeid (which is _id of time table). |
commented Jul 14, 2016
Check in mongodb and make sure that your time _id fields are all ObjectIds rather than plain strings |
commented Sep 29, 2016 • edited
edited
mongoose = require('mongoose').set('debug', true); Use this so you can see what query mongoose are sending to the database. It helped me when I had the same problem as you. In my case, mongoose was sending the collection name in plural. |
commented Oct 14, 2016
thanks JonatasCV, that 'debug' option saved my day |
commented May 8, 2017
Kindly check your url it should not be the same with other get method app.get('/somthinghere/:id', function(req, res){ ... } |
commented May 30, 2017
I had a similar issue today. It turns out i saved an _id as a ObjectId string and tried to retrieve id using the object ObjectId(id). I tested the vice versa situation where an _id is saved as an ObjectId instance and retrieving it as a string. They both do not return data when calling findOnce and no error message |
commented Jun 3, 2017
thanks @JonatasCV the debugging return findOne query mothod instead of findOneById and also bypasses null in the id field . Debugging result =>> Mongoose: books.findOne({ _id: null }, { fields: {} }) |
commented Jun 18, 2017
I'm surprised this is still closed, but I ran into this issue again today. I fiddled with my code and installation for hours and what ended up working was my original code that was bugged. Not sure what the bug stems from, but it appears to be finicky. |
locked and limited conversation to collaborators Jun 25, 2017
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Banded mongoose | |
---|---|
Banded mongoose in Etosha National Park | |
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Carnivora |
Suborder: | Feliformia |
Family: | Herpestidae |
Genus: | Mungos |
Species: | |
Binomial name | |
Mungos mungo Gmelin, 1788 | |
Banded mongoose range |
Banded mongoose in Maasai Mara
The banded mongoose (Mungos mungo) is a mongoose species native from the Sahel to Southern Africa. It lives in savannas, open forests and grasslands and feeds primarily on beetles and millipedes. Mongooses use various types of dens for shelter including termite mounds. While most mongoose species live solitary lives, the banded mongoose live in colonies with a complex social structure.
- 1Physical characteristics
- 2Range and ecology
- 3Social behavior
- 3.1Reproduction
Physical characteristics[edit]
The banded mongoose is a sturdy mongoose with a large head, small ears, short, muscular limbs and a long tail, almost as long as the rest of the body. Animals of wetter areas are larger and darker colored than animals of dryer regions. The abdominal part of the body is higher and rounder than the breast area. The rough fur is grayish brown and black, and there are several dark brown to black horizontal bars across the back. The limbs and snout are darker, while the underparts are lighter than the rest of the body. Banded mongooses have long strong claws that allow them to dig in the soil. The nose color of banded mongoose varies from gray-brown to orange-red.
An adult animal can reach a length of 30 to 45 cm and a weight of 1.5 to 2.25 kg. The tail is 15 to 30 cm long.
Subspecies[edit]
- Adail banded mongoose, M. m. adailensis(Heuglin, 1861)
- Boror banded mongoose, M. m. bororensis(Roberts, 1929)
- North-west banded mongoose, M. m. caurinus(Thomas, 1926)
- East African banded mongoose, M. m. colonus(Heller, 1911)
- M. m. fasciatus(Desmarest, 1823)
- Namibia banded mongoose, M. m. grisonax(Thomas, 1926)
- Schwarz's banded mongoose, M. m. mandjarum(Schwarz, 1915)
- M. m. marcrurus(Thomas, 1907)
- West African banded mongoose, M. m. mungo(Gmelin, 1788)
- Botswana banded mongoose, M. m. ngamiensis(Roberts, 1932)
- M. m. pallidipes(Roberts, 1929)
- M. m. rossi(Roberts, 1929)
- M. m. senescens(Thomas & Wroughton, 1907)
- M. m. somalicus(Thomas, 1895)
- Talbot's banded mongoose, M. m. talboti(Thomas & Wroughton, 1907)
- M. m. zebra(Rüppell, 1835)
- M. m. zebroides(Lönnberg, 1908)
Range and ecology[edit]
The banded mongoose is found in a large part of East, Southeast and South-Central Africa. There are also populations in the northern savannas of West Africa. The banded mongoose lives in savannas, open forests and grassland, especially near water, but also in dry, thorny bushland but not deserts. The species uses various types of dens for shelter, most commonly termite mounds.[2] They will also live in rock shelters, thickets, gullies, and warrens under bushes. Mongooses prefer multi-entranced termitaria with open thicket, averaging 4 m from the nearest shelter, located in semi-closed woodland.[3] In contrast to the den of the dwarf mongoose, banded mongoose dens are less dependent on vegetation cover and have more entrances.[3] Banded mongooses live in larger groups than dwarf mongooses and thus more entrances means more members have access to the den and ventilation.[3] The development of agriculture in the continent has had a positive influence on the number of banded mongooses. The crops of the farmland serve as an extra food source.
Mongoose looking out a burrow entrance
Food and foraging[edit]
Banded mongoose feed primarily on insects, myriapods, small reptiles, and birds. Millipedes and beetles make up most of their diet,[2] but they also commonly eat ants, crickets, termites, grasshoppers, caterpillars and earwigs.[4][5] Other prey items of the mongoose includes frogs, lizards, small snakes, ground birds and the eggs of both birds and reptiles. On some occasions, mongooses will drink water from rain pools and lake shores.[4]
Banded mongoose forage in groups but each member searches for food alone.[4] They forage in the morning for several hours and then rest in the shade. They will usually forage again in the late afternoon. Mongooses use their sense of smell to locate their prey and dig them out with their long claws, both in holes in the ground and holes in trees. Mongoose will also frequent near the dung of large herbivores since they attract beetles.[4] Low grunts are produced every few seconds for communication. Mongoose also feed individually and are not cooperative feeders. When hunting prey that secrete toxins, mongooses will roll them on the ground. Durable prey is thrown on hard surfaces.[6]
Social behavior[edit]
Banded mongooses live in mixed-sex groups of 7–40 individuals (average around 20).[7] Groups sleep together at night in underground dens, often abandoned termite mounds, and change dens frequently (every 2–3 days). When no refuge is available and hard-pressed by predators such as wild dogs, the group will form a compact arrangement in which they lie on each other with heads facing outwards and upwards.
Banded mongoose Mungos mungo
There is generally no strict hierarchy in mongoose groups and aggression is low. Sometimes, mongoose may squabble over food. However, typically, the one who claims the food first wins. Most aggression and hierarchical behavior occurs between males when females are in oestrus. Female are usually not aggressive but do live in hierarchies based on age. The older females have earlier estrous periods and have larger litters.[7] When groups get too large, some females are forced out of the group by either older females or males. These females may form new groups with subordinate males.[8]
Relations between groups are highly aggressive and mongooses are sometimes killed and injured during intergroup encounters. Nevertheless, breeding females will often mate with males from a rival groups during fights.[9] Mongooses establish their territories with scent markings that may also serve as communication between those in the same group.[10] In the society of the banded mongoose there is a clear separation between mating rivals and territorial rivals. Individuals within groups are rivals for mates while those from neighboring groups are competitors for food and resources.[10]
Reproduction[edit]
Banded mongoose near Ethosha National Park
Unlike most other social mongoose species, all females in a banded mongoose group can breed.[7] They all enter oestrus around 10 days after giving birth, and are guarded and mated by 1–3 dominant males.[7] The dominant males monitor the females and aggressively defend them from subordinates. While these males do most of the mating, the females often try to escape from them and mate with other males in the group. A dominant male will spend 2–3 days guarding each female.[7] A guarding male will snap at, lunge at or pounce on any males that come near.[7] A non-guarding male may follow a guarding male and his female and may face this aggression. Non-guarding males mate in a more secretive way.[7] This kind of 'sneaking' behavior is similar to what subordinate males of the fish species Neolamprologus pulcher do; they also try to mate with females that are guarded by the dominant males.
Gestation is 60–70 days. In most breeding attempts, all females give birth either on the same day[7][11] or within a few days. Litters range 2–6 pups and average 4. For the first four weeks of life, pups stay in the dens where they form an exclusive relationship with a single helper or escort, whose genetic relationship with the pups is unknown. These helpers are generally young nonbreeding males or breeding females who have contributed to the current litter and they help to minimize competition over food allocation among pups.[12] During this time they are guarded by these helpers while the other group member go on their foraging trips.[13] After four weeks, the pups are able to go foraging themselves. Each pup is cared for by a single adult 'escort' who helps the pup to find food and protects it from danger.[14] Pups become nutritionally independent at three months of age.
Inbreeding issues[edit]
Banded mongoose skeleton (Museum of Osteology)
Few studies have found evidence of regular incest in mammals but banded mongooses are an exception.[15]
Inbreeding depression is largely caused by the homozygous expression of deleterious recessive alleles.[16] Inbreeding depression appears to occur in banded mongooses as indicated by a decline in progeny body mass with increasing inbreeding coefficient.[17] This finding suggests that avoiding breeding with close relatives would be beneficial. Successfully breeding pairs were found to be less related than expected under random mating.[17]
Interspecies relations[edit]
In some locations (e.g., Kenya) banded mongooses have been found in close relationship with baboons.[citation needed] They forage together and probably enjoy greater security as a large group because of more eyes on the lookout for predators. The mongooses are handled by baboons of all ages and show no fear of such contact.
Banded mongooses have been observed removing ticks and other parasites from warthogs in Kenya[18] and Uganda.[19] The mongooses get food, while the warthogs get cleaned.
Status and abundance[edit]
Banded mongooses lives in many of Africa's protected areas.[1] The Serengeti of Tanzania, has a density of around 3 mongooses per km2.[20] In southern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, mongoose numbers are at a similar density at 2.4 km2.[21]Queen Elizabeth National Park has much higher mongoose densities at 18/km 2.[22] Overall the banded mongoose tends to be more abundant in the eastern and south-eastern areas of its range than in more western areas.
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mungos mungo. |
Wikispecies has information related to Mungos mungo |
- ^ abGilchrist, J.S. & Do Linh San, E. (2016). 'Mungos mungo'. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T41621A45208886. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41621A45208886.en.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ abNeal, E (1970). 'The banded mongoose, Mungos mungo Gmelin'. East African Wildlife Journal. 8: 63–71. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1970.tb00831.x.
- ^ abcHiscocks, K.; Perrin, M. R. (1991). 'Den selection and use by dwarf mongooses and banded mongooses in South Africa'. South African Journal of Wildlife Research. 21 (4): 119–122.
- ^ abcdRood, J. P. (1975). 'Population dynamics and food habits of the banded mongoose'. East African Wildlife Journal. 13 (2): 89–111. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1975.tb00125.x.
- ^Smithers, R.H.N (1971) The mammals of Botswana, National Museums of Rhodesia. 4:1-340.
- ^Simpson, C.D. (1964). 'Notes on the banded mongoose, Mungos mungo (Gmelin)'. Arnoldia, Rhodesia. 1 (19): 1–8.
- ^ abcdefghCant, M.A. (2000). 'Social control of reproduction in banded mongooses'. Animal Behaviour. 59 (1): 147–158. doi:10.1006/anbe.1999.1279. PMID10640376.
- ^Cant, M.A.; Otali, E.; Mwanguhya, F. (2001). 'Eviction and dispersal in cooperatively breeding banded mongooses'. Journal of Zoology. 254 (2): 155–162. doi:10.1017/s0952836901000668.
- ^Cant, M.A.; Otali, E.; Mwanguhya, F. (2002). 'Fighting and mating between groups in cooperatively breeding banded mongooses'. Ethology. 108 (6): 541–555. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0310.2002.00795.x.
- ^ abJordan, N.R.; Mwanguhya, F.; Kyabulima, S.; Ruedi, P.; Cant, M.A. (2010). 'Scent marking within and between groups in banded mongooses'(PDF). Journal of Zoology. 280: 72–83. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00646.x.
- ^Gilchrist, J.S. (2006). 'Female eviction, abortion and infanticide in the banded mongoose (Mungos mungo)'. Behavioral Ecology. 17 (4): 664–669. doi:10.1093/beheco/ark012.
- ^Bell, Mathew (2007). 'Cooperative Begging in Banded Mongoose Pups'. Current Biology. 17 (8): 717–721. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.03.015. PMID17412587.
- ^Cant, M.A. (2003). 'Patterns of helping effort in cooperatively breeding banded mongooses'. Journal of Zoology. 259 (2): 115–119. doi:10.1017/s0952836902003011.
- ^Gilchrist, J.S. (2004). 'Pup escorting in the communal breeding banded mongoose: behavior benefits and maintenance'. Behavioral Ecology. 15 (6): 952–960. doi:10.1093/beheco/arh071.
- ^Nichols, H. J.; Cant, M. A.; Hoffman, J. I.; Sanderson, J. L. (16 February 2017). 'Evidence for frequent incest in a cooperatively breeding mammal'. Biology Letters. 10 (12): 20140898. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0898. PMC4298196. PMID25540153.
- ^Charlesworth D, Willis JH (2009). 'The genetics of inbreeding depression'. Nature Reviews Genetics. 10 (11): 783–96. doi:10.1038/nrg2664. PMID19834483.
- ^ abSanderson JL, Wang J, Vitikainen EI, Cant MA, Nichols HJ (2015). 'Banded mongooses avoid inbreeding when mating with members of the same natal group'. Molecular Ecology. 24 (14): 3738–51. doi:10.1111/mec.13253. PMC5008155. PMID26095171.
- ^WarthogArchived 5 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine at Wildwatch.com
- ^Banded Brothers episode 1 at bbc.co.uk
- ^Waser, PM, LF Elliott, and SR Creel. 1995. 'Habitat variation and viverrid demography'. In ARE Sinclair and P Arcese (eds.) Serengeti II: Dynamics, Management and Conservation of an Ecosystem, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 421-447.
- ^Maddock. A. H. (1988). Resource partitioning in a viverrid assemblage (PhD thesis). Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal.
- ^Gilchrist, Jason; Otali, E (2002). 'The effects of refuse-feeding on home-range use, group size, and intergroup encounters in the banded mongoose'. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 80 (10): 1795–1802. doi:10.1139/z02-113.
External links[edit]
- Species profile bandedmongoose.org
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Banded_mongoose&oldid=911590713'